Docker pour Next.js : Guide de déploiement complet

Introduction

Docker permet de garantir que votre application fonctionne identiquement en développement et en production. Voici comment dockeriser un projet Next.js.

Dockerfile Optimisé

# Stage 1: Dependencies
FROM node:20-alpine AS deps
WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production

# Stage 2: Build
FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY . .
ENV NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED 1
RUN npm run build

# Stage 3: Production
FROM node:20-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app
ENV NODE_ENV production
ENV NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED 1

RUN addgroup --system --gid 1001 nodejs
RUN adduser --system --uid 1001 nextjs

COPY --from=builder /app/public ./public
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/standalone ./
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/static ./.next/static

USER nextjs
EXPOSE 3000
ENV PORT 3000
ENV HOSTNAME "0.0.0.0"

CMD ["node", "server.js"]

Configuration Next.js

// next.config.ts
const nextConfig = {
  output: "standalone",
  // ... autres options
};

Docker Compose (Développement)

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  app:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    volumes:
      - ./src:/app/src
      - ./public:/app/public
    environment:
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://postgres:password@db:5432/wabtechs
      - NEXTAUTH_SECRET=dev-secret
      - NEXTAUTH_URL=http://localhost:3000
    depends_on:
      db:
        condition: service_healthy

  db:
    image: postgres:16-alpine
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: wabtechs
      POSTGRES_USER: postgres
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: password
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"

volumes:
  postgres_data:

Build & Run

# Développement
docker compose up

# Production
docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml up -d

# Build image
docker build -t wabtechs-platform .

# Run
docker run -p 3000:3000 wabtechs-platform

Docker Compose Production

# docker-compose.prod.yml
services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - DATABASE_URL=${DATABASE_URL}
      - NEXTAUTH_SECRET=${NEXTAUTH_SECRET}
      - NEXTAUTH_URL=${NEXTAUTH_URL}
    restart: unless-stopped
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "wget", "--no-verbose", "--tries=1", "--spider", "http://localhost:3000"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    depends_on:
      - app